The Conservatives said that under its leadership, the department had underspent.
Those affected have been notified by Secretary of State Peter Kyle.
“The government is taking difficult and necessary spending decisions across all departments in the face of billions of pounds of unfunded commitments,” said DSIT in a statement.
“This is essential to restore economic stability and deliver our national mission for growth.”
It added that it remained “absolutely committed” to building technology infrastructure in the UK.
“As a point of fact, at the time the election was called, ministers had been advised by officials that the department was likely to underspend its budget for the current financial year,” said shadow secretary Andrew Griffith.
“Our commitment in government to science, research and innovation including UK leadership on AI was outstanding.”
The future of the Edinburgh exascale supercomputer is currently unclear.
There are only a small number of the immensely powerful machines in the world, with an earlier version housed in Bristol.
The new funding was announced in October last year and Edinburgh University had already spent £31m building housing for it.
It was considered to be a priority project by the previous government.
The machine would have been 50 times faster than any current computers in the UK, the university said at the time.
“Exascale will help researchers model all aspects of the world, test scientific theories and improve products and services in areas such as artificial intelligence, drug discovery, climate change, astrophysics and advanced engineering,” it says on its website.
A spokesperson for the university told the BBC that it “has led the way in supercomputing within the UK for decades”.
“[It] is ready to work with the government to support the next phase of this technology in the UK, in order to unlock its benefits for industry, public services and society,” they added.
Last week, DSIT announced that Matt Clifford, who was one of the organisers of the inaugural AI Safety Summit held at Bletchley Park in November 2023, had been asked to draw up an action plan for identifying new “AI opportunities”.
The tech sector is generally considered to be a valuable part of the UK economy and therefore important for growth.
In a recent report, the tech network Tech Nation gave it a market value of $1.1 trillion (£863bn) in the first quarter of 2024.
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