Ofwat has found that the three companies failed to adequately invest in and maintain their networks, leading to repeated releases of raw sewage into the country’s waterways.
The regulator’s Chief Executive, David Black, said: “Ofwat has uncovered a catalogue of failure by Thames Water, Yorkshire Water and Northumbrian Water in how they ran their sewage works and this resulted in excessive spills from storm overflows.
“Our investigation has shown how they routinely released sewage into our rivers and seas, rather than ensuring that this only happens in exceptional circumstances as the law intends.”
Releasing raw sewage has the potential to significantly damage the environment and poses a risk to human health for those swimming in a river or sea where sewage is being discharged.
In December 2023 Ofwat notified the three companies of its provisional findings and they had the opportunity to provide any further evidence for consideration.
On Tuesday it proposed fines of £104m for Thames Water, £47m for Yorkshire Water and £17m for Northumbrian Water.
Ofwat can fine companies up to 10% of their annual sales. In the case of Thames Water, the proposed fine is 9% of sales, which David Black told the BBC “reflects the severity of the offences”.
In response to the proposed fines, a Yorkshire Water spokesperson said: “We are disappointed with Ofwat’s response to their investigation into our wastewater treatment networks. Since the start of this process in November 2021, we have co-operated fully with the investigation and we will continue to seek clarity.
“We and our customers care deeply about river health and we want to provide reassurance that we have already taken considerable action to improve.”
The BBC has contacted Thames Water and Northumbrian Water for comment.
Ofwat continues to investigate a further eight water and wastewater companies in England and Wales for similar issues, with further updates expected in the coming year.
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